Walking around the city of Palmanova took much longer than I thought. Obviously, city is not as small as I think it is. Palmanova is probably the closest I can get to walking around an entire city. Its it not big and sprawling as modern cities are. Everything is supposed to be contained within the walls of the fortified city. The total circumference of the walls is around seven kilometers, not very far. I used the gates as landmarks as to where I was. I was approaching the third gate which is the Porta Udine which meant that I was already two thirds of the way around the city.

Where the first and second gates didn’t have much to distinguish them from another, Porta Udine slightly more to see here. I noticed that there was an small waterfall here. Which reminded me of wondering exactly how does the moat of Palmanova get its water? Rain is one of them obviously, but it seems that there is a primary source of water which is not rain. The waterfalls here comes from water from a nearby irrigation ditch. The water is taken from the Torre river and used for irrigation. The canal is considered to be the oldest of its type in this area and at 32 kilometers, it is also quite long. The water then its dumped into the moat of Palmanova where it stays. Looking at the level of the water these day, either the volume of the water has gone down or it is just being controlled upstream.

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